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R-Phrases

R-phrases, also known as risk phrases, specify the particular danger(s) of a hazardous substance. The European Union (EU) currently requires that R-phrases appear on each label and MSDS data sheet for hazardous substances; however, both risk phrases and safety phrases (also known as S-phrases) are being phased out under the implementation of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).

 

To learn more about safety phrases and to see a table of the safety phrases, please click here.

 

R-phrases consist of the letter R followed by a number, or a sequence of numbers. The precise meaning of each of these appears in the table below.

Single Risk Phrases (R-Phrases)
R1:
Explosive when dry.

R2:
Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.

R3:
Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.

R4:
Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds.

R5:
Heating may cause an explosion.

R6:
Explosive with or without contact with air.

R7:
May cause fire.

R8:
Contact with combustible material may cause fire.

R9:
Explosive when mixed with combustible material.

R10:
Flammable

R11:
Highly flammable

R12:
Extremely flammable

R13 (Obsolete):
Extremely flammable liquid gas.

R14:
Reacts violently with water.

R15:
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.

R16:
Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances.

R17:
Spontaneously flammable in air.

R18:
In use, may form flammable/explosive vapor-air mixture.

R19:
May form explosive peroxides.

R20:
Harmful by inhalation.

R21:
Harmful in contact with skin.

R22:
Harmful if swallowed.

R23:
Toxic by inhalation.

R24:
Toxic in contact with skin.

R25:
Toxic if swallowed.

R26:
Very toxic by inhalation.

R27:
Very toxic in contact with skin

R28:
Very toxic if swallowed.

R29:
Contact with water liberates toxic gas.

R30:
Can become highly flammable in use.

R31:
Contact with acids liberates toxic gas.

R32:
Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas.

R33:
Danger of cumulative effects.

R34:
Causes burns.

R35:
Causes severe burns.

R36:
Irritating to eyes.

R37:
Irritating to respiratory system.

R38:
Irritating to skin.

R39:
Danger of very serious irreversible effects.

R40:
Possible risk of cancer.

R41:
Risk of serious damage to eyes.

R42:
May cause sensitization by inhalation.

R43:
May cause sensitization by skin contact.

R44:
Risk of explosion if heated under confinement.

R45:
May cause cancer.

R46:
May cause heritable genetic damage.

R47 (obsolete):
May cause birth defects.

R48:
Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure.

R49:
May cause cancer by inhalation.

R50:
Very toxic to aquatic organisms.

R51:
Toxic to aquatic organisms.

R52:
Harmful to aquatic organisms.

R53:
May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

R54:
Toxic to flora.

R55:
Toxic to fauna.

R56:
Toxic to soil organisms.

R57:
Toxic to bees.

R58:
May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment.

R59:
Dangerous for the ozone layer.

R60:
May impair fertility.

R61:
May cause harm to the unborn child.

R62:
Possible risk of impaired fertility.

R63:
Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.

R64:
May cause harm to breastfed babies.

R65:
Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed.

R66:
Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.

R67:
Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness.

R68:
Possible risks of irreversible effects.

Combinations of R-Phrases
R14/15:
Reacts violently with water, liberating extremely flammable gases.

R15/29:
Contact with water liberates toxic, extremely flammable gas.

R20/21:
Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin.

R21/22:
Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R20/22:
Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.

R20/21/22:
Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R21/22:
Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R23/24:
Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin.

R24/25:
Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R23/25:
Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.

R23/24/25:
Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R24/25:
Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R26/27:
Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin.

R27/28:
Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R26/28:
Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.

R26/27/28:
Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R36/37:
Irritating to eyes and respiratory system.

R37/38:
Irritating to respiratory system and skin.

R36/38:
Irritating to eyes and skin.

R36/37/38:
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

R39/23:
Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation.

R39/24:
Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin.

R39/25:
Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed.

R39/23/24:
Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.

R39/23/25:
Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed.

R39/24/25:
Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R39/23/24/25:

 

Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R39/26:
Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation.

R39/27:
Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin.

R39/28:
Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed.

R39/26/27:

 

Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.

R39/26/28:
Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed.

R39/27/28:
Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R39/26/27/28:

 

Very toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R42/43:
May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact.

R48/20:
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation.

R48/21:
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin.

R48/22:
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed.

R48/20/21:

 

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin.

R48/20/22:

 

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed.

R48/21/22:

 

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R48/20/21/22:

 

Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R48/23:
Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation.

R48/24:
Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin.

R48/25:
Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed.

R48/23/24:

 

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin.

R48/23/25:

 

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed.

R48/24/25:

 

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R48/23/24/25:

 

Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R50/53:

 

Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

R51/53:

 

Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

R52/53:

 

Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

R68/20:
Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation.

R68/21:
Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin.

R68/22:
Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects if swallowed.

R68/20/21:
Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin.

R68/20/22:
Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed.

R68/21/22:
Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed.

R68/20/21/22:

 

Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.

 

 

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